Archive and compress files

Benefits of archiving and compressing files: save resources on hard disk and speed up file transfer rate

Tar is used to package and compress files



The 123456 files are packaged into a single a.tar file. However, the a.tar file is still large. Keep using it

Gzip compresses it into a smaller compressed file.

Function: package and compress files; A tar file is a collection of several files and/or directories in a single file that can be transmitted by line compression using a compression tool such as gzip, bzip2, or xz

3. Check out man tar, which is an abbreviation of manual manual: tar [OPTION…] [FILE]… Parameters:

-c create file -x-extract [KOMP] -v --verbose show the procedure -f --file specify backup files -t --list which files are included in the compressed file. Look at the contents of the package -C (uppercase) --directory

Specify the decompression location

Example 1: Package the /boot/grub2 directory

[root@xuegod63 ~]# tar-cvf grub. Tar /boot/grub2/ # tar can be used without using the '-' [ring ~]# tar CVF grub. Tar /boot/grub2/ [root@xuegod63 ~]# tar cf grub.tar /boot/grub2/

Tar: Remove the opening “/” from the member name (the/root path becomes the relative path of boot/grub2. If uncompressed, the path becomes /boot/grub2. When uncompressed, it becomes the absolute path and overwrites the files in this path).

[root@xuegod63 ~]# tar -cf grub.tar /boot/grub2/

Tar: Removes the leading “/” from the member name

[root@xuegod63 ~]# ls grub. Tar # boot/grub2/ boot/grub2/device.map [directory] ~]# ls boot # get the boot directory grub2

Example 2: Pack two directories or directories + files into one archive package:

root@xuegod63 ~]# mkdir ./back [root@xuegod63 ~]# cp /etc/passwd ./back/ [root@xuegod63 ~]# tar -cvf back.tar /boot/grub  /root/back/ /etc/passwd tar: -rw-r--r-- root/root 1024 2020-06-28 19:46 boot/grub2/grubenv ### -rw-r--r-- root/root 5130 2020-06-28  19:46 boot/grub2/grub.cfg drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2020-07-03 14:23 root/back/ -rw-r--r-- root/root 2735 2020-07-03 14:23  root/back/passwd -rw-r--r-- root/root 2735 2020-06-28 19:49 etc/passwd

Example 3: Check the contents of tar without knowing the package:

[root@xuegod63 ~]# tar -tvf back.tar             # List all files in archive.tar verbosely.

Example 4: Contrast the effect of adding V

root@xuegod63 ~]# tar -xf back.tar
[root@xuegod63 ~]# tar -xvf back.tar
boot/grub/
boot/grub/splash.xpm.gz

Tar archive + compression

Tar CZVF newfile.tar.gz SOURCE: tar CZVF newfile.tar.gz SOURCE: tar CZVF newfile.tar.gz SOURCE: tar CZVF newfile.tar.gz SOURCE: tar CZVF newfile.tar.gz SOURCE: tar CZVF newfile.tar.gz SOURCE: tar CZVF newfile.tar.bz2

-z, --gzip compression extension: tar.gz -j: bz2 compression extension: tar. bz2-j: xz compression extension: tar.xz

Example 1: Create the.tar.gz package

[root@xuegod63 ~]# tar CVF /root/etc.tar /etc [PHP]# tar ZCVF /root/etc.tar.gz /etc # archive [root@localhost test]# tar ZXVF /root/etc.tar.gz # tar XVF /root/etc.tar.gz # tar XVF /root/etc.tar.gz # tar XVF /root/etc.tar.gz # tar XVF /root/etc.tar.gz # tar

Example 2: Create the.tar.bz2 package

Grammar:  #tar jcvf newfile.tar.bz2 SOURCE [root@xuegod63 ~]# tar -jcvf ~/etc.tar.bz2 /etc [root@xuegod63 ~]# tar -jxvf # tar JXVF ~/ etc.tar.bz2-c /opt # tar JXVF ~/ etc.tar.bz2-c /opt # tar JXVF ~/ etc.tar.bz2-c Opt directory

Example 3: Create the.tar.xz package

[root@xuegod63 ~]# tar-jcvf ~/etc.tar.xz /etc # tar-jxvf ~/etc.tar.xz #tar.xz /etc Unzip [root@xuegod63 ~]# tar-xvf ~/etc.tar.xz

Comparison of three compression methods after compression ratio:

[root@xuegod63 ~]# time tar zcf /root/etc.tar.gz /etc [root@xuegod63 ~]# time tar jcf /root/etc.tar.bz2 /etc [root@xuegod63 ~]# time tar Jcf /root/etc.tar.xz /etc []# ll-h etc.tar* -rw-r--r-- 10 root 28M May 10 12:10 etc.tar.bz2# -rw-r--r-- 10 root 8.7m May 10 12:14 etc.tar.bz2# -rw-r--r-- 10 root 8.7m May 10 12:14 etc.tar.bz2# 10 root 9.8m May 10 12:11 etc.tar.gz # -rw-r--r-- 10 root 7.8m May 10 12:16 etc.tar.xz #

View the source file size

[root@xuegod63 ~]# du -sh /etc
31M /etc

The etc.tar package is 28M, which is barely compressed. Xz is formatted to 7.0M, which is much more efficient when transmitting.

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