“This is the 27th day of my participation in the First Challenge 2022. For details: First Challenge 2022”

Before we start this case, let’s talk about how the selenum module works.

Selenium Module Overview

The Selenium module is a browser-based automation module. In other words, Selenium lets the browser run automatically based on the code it writes.

Corresponding syntax

  • Write code based on browser automation
  • Initiate a request :get(URL)
  • Tag location: the methods of the Find family
  • Tag interaction :send_ keys(‘ XXX ‘)
  • Execute js program :excute _script(‘jsCode ‘) one forward, one back :back(),forward()
  • Close the browser :quit()

The installation of the Selenium module will not be covered here.

The login process is detailed

General idea:

  • Use Selenium to initiate a request to 12306.cn and open the login page
  • Locate the user account box, user password box, and login button according to the id value of the label
  • After entering the account number and password, click the login button
  • Perform slider validation
  • Log in successfully

Get user id input box, password input box by id
username_tag = driver.find_element_by_id('J-userName')
password_tag = driver.find_element_by_id('J-password')

Fill in your account and password
username_tag.send_keys('xxxxxxx')
time.sleep(1)
password_tag.send_keys('xxxxxxxx')

Get the login button by id
login_btn = driver.find_element_by_id('J-login')
Click the login button
login_btn.click()
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After clicking the login button again, the 12306 server will pop up a slider verification window, which requires us to use code to simulate the browser click and slide to complete the verification. Here we use an action chain to perform a series of actions: click and hold, and drag a certain distance in the specified direction.

Action chain use

Here we introduce the use of action chain, using action chain is very simple.

  • Import ActionChains from Selenium. Webdriver import ActionChains

  • 2. Use constructor to get action chain object

    # Define action chain, click and drag
aco = ActionChains(driver)

# Click and hold
aco.click_and_hold(span)

# Displacement specifies the distance
aco.move_by_offset(25.0).perform()
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Note: The.perform() method must be called for the action chain to perform the corresponding operation

The verification code slider is dragged


# Define action chain, click and drag
aco = ActionChains(driver)
# Click and hold
aco.click_and_hold(span)

#perform() Performs the action chain operation immediately
for i in range(5):
    aco.move_by_offset(25.0).perform()
    time.sleep(0.3)

# Release the action chain
aco.release()
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To evade detection

Since 12306 recognizes browser operations using the Selenium module, we also have to add code to circumvent detection

from selenium.webdriver import ChromeOptions
chrome_options = Options()
chrome_options.add_argument("--disable-blink-features=AutomationControlled")
driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='Your Chromedriver path',chrome_options=chrome_options)
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The complete code

from selenium import webdriver
import requests
from lxml import etree
from selenium.webdriver import Chrome
from selenium.webdriver import ChromeOptions
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
import time
# Achieve no visual interface
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import  Options


chrome_options = Options()
chrome_options.add_argument("--disable-blink-features=AutomationControlled")
Fill in your own chromedriver installation path here
driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path='C:/Users/Declan/AppData/Local/Google/Chrome/Application/chromedriver',chrome_options=chrome_options)



driver.get('https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/login.html')

Get user id input box, password input box by id
username_tag = driver.find_element_by_id('J-userName')
password_tag = driver.find_element_by_id('J-password')

Fill in your account and password
username_tag.send_keys('xxxxxxxx')
time.sleep(1)
password_tag.send_keys('xxxxxx')

Get the login button by id
login_btn = driver.find_element_by_id('J-login')
Click the login button
login_btn.click()
It must be hibernated, otherwise it will be too fast to locate the slider
time.sleep(2)
span = driver.find_element_by_css_selector('.btn_slide')

# Define action chain, click and drag
aco = ActionChains(driver)
# Click and hold
aco.click_and_hold(span)

#perform() Performs the action chain operation immediately
for i in range(5):
    aco.move_by_offset(25.0).perform()
    time.sleep(0.3)

# Release the action chain
aco.release()

time.sleep(2)
ok_btn = driver.find_element_by_css_selector('.ok')
ok_btn.click()

time.sleep(5)
driver.quit()
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