• HTTP is often translated as “hypertext Transfer Protocol,” but the translation is lax. The proper translation would be “hypertext transfer protocol”. But the former translation has become a convention. For those interested, please refer to the Turing community discussion.
  • The basic concept of the original idea is: with the help of HyperText, which is formed by the correlation between multiple documents, the WWW(World Wide Web) can be connected to each other.
  • Three WWW construction techniques have been proposed, which are: Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) is HTML (HyperText Markup Language) as the text Markup Language of the page; HTTP as a document delivery protocol; Uniform Resource Locator (URL) that specifies the address of the document.
  • WWW: The name that Web browsers used to browse hypertext client applications. It is now used to refer to the collection of these series, also known as Web for short.

  • Network Infrastructure TCP/IP: The networks we use in general, including the Internet, are based on TCP/IP. So HTTP is a subset of its internals.

    • Layers: application layer, transport layer, network layer, and link layer

    • Functions of various levels

      Application layer: The application layer determines the communication activities when providing services for user applications. Various common application services are stored in the TCP/IP protocol family. For example, FTP (File Transfer Protocol) and DNS (Domain name System) services are two of them. HTTP also belongs to this layer.

      Transport layer: Transport layer to upper application layer, providing data transfer between two computers in a network connection. There are two important different protocols: TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol).

      Network layer: The network layer handles the packets that flow over the network. This layer defines the path to the destination computer and sends the data to the other computer. The role of the network layer is to select a transmission line among many options for transmission between computers or network devices.

      Link layer: Handles the hardware part that connects the network. Hardware categories are within the scope of the link layer. (Control operating system, hardware device drive, NIC. The network card, etc.)

    • Communication transmission flow diagram:

    • Sending and receiving:

      Sending side: From top to bottom, the data passes through layers of packets and is then broken up into tabloid packets and sent. Receiving end: From bottom to top, the data is unpacked layer by layer and then each tabloid article is combined into the final data.

    • The whole sending and receiving diagram:

  • URI: Uniform resource Identifier (URI)

  • URL: Uniform Resource Locator urls are a subset of URIs

    (A URI is the “name” of a resource according to a specific rule, whereas a URL is the address of a resource. A resource can use the address as its name.)

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