@ the Author: Runsen
Very few people use Tkinter now, so even fewer people actually study it, and didn’t want to update tkinter. I see a lot of people learning Tkinter, actually doing layout in Python, nobody does that. But update a few sections of Tkinter in Python from getting started to master tutorials.
tkinter
The Tkinter package is a standard package that comes with Python, so we don’t need to install anything to use it.
Window body frame
The body framework of every Tkinter application can contain the following section. Define the window and some properties of the window, then write the window contents, and finally execute window.mainloop to make the window come alive.
import tkinter as tk
window = tk.Tk()
window.title('my window')
window.geometry('200x100')
# Here is the contents of the window
window.mainloop()
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Window contents
This time we will create a Label to describe tk.label, such as:
import tkinter as tk
window = tk.Tk()
window.title('my window')
window.geometry('200x100')
l = tk.Label(window,
text='OMG! this is TK! '.# tag text
bg='green'.# Background color
font=('Arial'.12), # font and font size
width=15, height=2 Length and width of the tag
)
l.pack() # Fix window position
window.mainloop()
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controls
The Label above is a control, and there are many more, such as buttons, labels and text boxes, as shown in the figure below
Control comes with common properties, such as size, font, and color. You can select the corresponding properties according to the display form of the control. The specific properties are listed as follows:
Tkinter binding event
Tkinter binding event: define a function and pass in the function name via the command attribute
from tkinter import *
def p_label() :
global root
Lb = Label(root, text='Runsen loves to learn ')
Lb.pack()
root = Tk()
root.title("Application Window")
B_n = Button(root, text='am I', command=p_label, bg='red') # command must not have any punctuation marks after it
B_n.pack()
root.mainloop()
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The layout shows
A window should have a layout, that is, when pack needs to set side, expand needs to expand, fill needs to be filled
from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
root.title("Application Window")
Button(root,text='1').pack(side=LEFT,expand=YES,fill=Y)
Button(root,text='2').pack(side=TOP,expand=YES,fill=BOTH)
Button(root,text='3').pack(side=RIGHT,expand=YES,fill=NONE)
Button(root,text='4').pack(side=LEFT,expand=NO,fill=Y)
Button(root,text='5').pack(side=TOP,expand=YES,fill=BOTH)
Button(root,text='6').pack(side=BOTTOM,expand=YES)
Button(root,text='7').pack(anchor=SE)
root.mainloop()
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In addition to pack, there is a grid, which lays out components as tables
Let’s make a phone dial GUI
from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
labels = [['1'.'2'.'3'].# Text, layout as grid
['4'.'5'.'6'],
['7'.'8'.'9'],
[The '*'.'0'.The '#']]
for r in range(4) :# line cycle
for c in range(3) :# column loop
label = Label(root,
relief=RAISED, # Set the border format
padx=10.# widen the tag
text=labels[r][c]) # tag text
label.grid(row=r, column=c) # place the tag on row R, column C
root.mainloop()
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Make a Calendar
Above teach you to make a phone dial GUI, below can make a simple calendar?
I don’t think you would. Not that I despise you
Don’t worry, I’m here for you. This requires importing the Calendar module,
import calendar
from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
labels = [['Mon'.'Tue'.'Wed'.'Thu'.'Fri'.'Sat'.'Sun']]
MonthCal = calendar.monthcalendar(2020.5)
for i in range(len(MonthCal)):
labels.append(MonthCal[i])
for r in range(len(MonthCal)+1) :for c in range(7) :if labels[r][c] == 0:
labels[r][c] = ' '
label = Label(root,
padx=5,
pady=5,
text=str(labels[r][c]))
label.grid(row=r,column=c)
root.mainloop()
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Enrich our calendar
The calendar above is a hot chicken, what functions are not, the demand is very simple, is to two buttons to achieve up, down.
Scroll up and scroll down two buttons to clear the interface, and then add the calendar to the Labels list to place the calendar. It seems simple, but it is.
So let’s think about how we could do that. I’ll do the implementation code for the standard
# @ Author: Runsen
import calendar
from tkinter import *
root = Tk()
def LabelCal(Year, Month) :
# Place "year, month" in the first line
label = Label(root,text=str(Year)+"Year")
label.grid(row=0,column=2)
label = Label(root,text=str(Month)+"Month")
label.grid(row=0,column=4)
# Labels list: Place "week" headings
labels = [['Mon'.'Tue'.'Wed'.'Thu'.'Fri'.'Sat'.'Sun']]
Use calendar library to calculate calendar
MonthCal = calendar.monthcalendar(Year, Month)
Clear the interface first
for r in range(7) :for c in range(7):
label = Label(root,
width =5,
padx=5,
pady=5,
text=' ')
label.grid(row=r+1,column=c)
# Add calendar to labels list
for i in range(len(MonthCal)):
labels.append(MonthCal[i])
# Place calendar
for r in range(len(MonthCal)+1) :for c in range(7) :if labels[r][c] == 0:
labels[r][c] = ' '
label = Label(root,
width =5,
padx=5,
pady=5,
text=str(labels[r][c]))
label.grid(row=r+1,column=c) # Grid layout
# default date
Year, Month = 2020.5
LabelCal(Year, Month)
# button: Enter
def ButtonPrevious() :
global Year, Month
Month = Month-1
if Month<1:
Month = Month+12
Year = Year-1
LabelCal(Year, Month)
button1 = Button(root, text='Previous', command=ButtonPrevious)
button1.grid(row=len(MonthCal)+3, column=0)
# button: the Clear
def ButtonNext() :
global Year, Month
Month = Month+1
if Month>12:
Month = Month-12
Year = Year+1
LabelCal(Year, Month)
button2 = Button(root, text='Next', command=ButtonNext)
button2.grid(row=len(MonthCal)+3, column=6)
root.mainloop()
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