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Official textbook: Information Systems Project Manager Course (3rd edition) ISBN: 978-7-302-48145-4 Pricing: 138.00

Information System Project Manager Examination subjects:

(1) Comprehensive knowledge of information system project management, 150 minutes of test time, written test, multiple choice;

(2) Information system project management case analysis, test time is 90 minutes, written test, question-and-answer questions;

(3) Information system project management paper, 120 minutes, written test, essay questions.

Basic concepts of information

Concept: something that can be used to eliminate uncertainty. (understand)

Characteristics: objectivity, universality, infinity, dynamic, relativity, dependence, transformation, transfer, hierarchy, systematicness, transformation (understanding)

Attributes: Accuracy, integrity, reliability, timeliness, economy, verifiability, security (understood)

Information transfer model

Information transmission technology is the core of information technology

Source: The entity that generates information and from which it is transmitted

The home or receiver of a message

Channel: A channel for transmitting information, such as a TCP/IP network.

Encoder: In information theory, any device that transforms signals, actually the transmitting part of a terminal.

The basic concept of informatization

Informatization can be divided into five levels from “small” to “large” :

Product informatization: it is the basis of informatization

Enterprise informatization: it is the foundation of national economy informatization

Industrial informatization:

National economy informatization:

Social life informatization: smart city and Internet finance are the embodiment of social life informatization

The main body of informationization: all social members

The means of informatization: advanced social productivity based on modern information technology

The way of informationization: to create the social productive forces in the information age, to promote the reform of social productive relations and social superstructure

The goal of informatization: to improve the comprehensive strength of the country, the civilized quality of the society and the quality of people’s life

Over the past 20 years, China has successively built a national information system represented by the project of “two networks, one station, four repositories and twelve gold”, and a national information operation system supported by the information system as the core.

  • Two networks: government Intranet and government extranet
  • One stop: government portal
  • Four databases: establish four basic databases of population, legal entity, spatial geography, natural resources and macroeconomy
  • Twelve Gold: 12 key business systems with gold names. It is divided into three categories. The first category is the construction of office business resource system and macroeconomic management system (Jinhong), which plays a core role in strengthening supervision, improving efficiency and promoting public services. The second type is the construction of five business systems, namely, golden tax, golden customs, golden finance, financial supervision (including golden card) and golden audit, to enhance the government’s revenue capacity and ensure the rationality of public expenditure. The second type is the construction of the five business systems of gold shield, gold insurance, gold agriculture, gold water and gold quality, which guarantee social order and lay a solid foundation for national economy and social development.

Six elements of national information system

Mnemonic formula: the eagle under the chicken left people right turtle in the middle of the web

Shangying — Information Technology Application (leading)

Information Technology and Industry (material Basis)

Left-person — Information talents (is the foundation of success)

Right Turtle – Informationization laws and Regulations (guarantee)

Intermediate Web – Information resource (core task) and Information Network (application basis)

The life cycle of information systems

Simplify:

  • System planning (feasibility analysis and project development plan)
  • System Analysis (Requirements Analysis)
  • System design (should design, detailed design)
  • System implementation (coding, testing)
  • Operation maintenance

To simplify the:

  • Project approval (System Planning)
  • Development (system analysis, system design, system implementation)
  • operations
  • die

From the perspective of the project:

The project life cycle can be divided into initiation, planning, execution, and closure

System planning stage: it is to the environment, objectives and the status of the current system carries on the preliminary investigation, according to the organizational goals and development strategy, determine the development strategy of information system, the demand for construction of the new system to make analysis and forecast, at the same time considering building a new system of various constraints, studies the necessity and possibility of building a new system. Provide alternatives to the proposed system as needed and possible. Carry out feasibility study on these schemes and write feasibility study report. After the feasibility study report is examined and approved, the construction plan and implementation plan of the new system shall be compiled into the system design task book

System analysis phase: the task of system analysis stage is determined according to the design plan descriptions of the system lock the scope of the detailed investigation to the current system, describes the current system of business process, and points out the limitations and deficiencies of the current system, determine the basic goal of the new system and logical function requirement, the logical model of the new system is put forward. System analysis stage is also called logical design stage. The results of the system analysis stage are reflected in the system specification.

System design phase: according to the requirements specified in the instructions for the system function, considering the actual conditions and specific design implementation logic model of technical scheme, which is design a new system of physical model, this phase is also known as the physical design phase, can be divided into the overall design (design) summary and detailed design of two stage, output system design specifications

System implementation stage: the system implementation is completed in stages according to the implementation plan, and the implementation progress report should be written for each stage. Write system test analysis report after system test

System operation and maintenance stage: after the system is put into operation, it is necessary to maintain and evaluate the system frequently, record the operation of the system, modify the system according to certain rules, and evaluate the work quality and economic benefits of the system.

Development methods of information systems

Development methods include structured method, object-oriented method, prototype method and service-oriented method.

Structured approach

It refers to the framework of interrelation and interaction between each component element in the system. Structured method, also known as life cycle method, is a traditional information system development method, which consists of structured analysis, structured design and structured programming. Its essence is top-down, progressive refinement and modular design.

Features:

  • Clear development objectives
  • The development work is staged
  • Development document normalization
  • Structure of design method

Suitable for data processing field, but not suitable for large-scale, more complex system development

Disadvantages:

  • Long development cycle
  • Difficult to adapt to changes in demand
  • Data structures are rarely considered

Object-oriented methods (OO)

The objective world is composed of various objects. Everything is an object, and each object has its own law and internal state. It belongs to a certain object class and is an element of the object class. OO is the current mainstream development approach.

OO method makes the description of the system and the expression of the information model correspond to the objective entity, which is in line with people’s habits of thinking. It is conducive to the communication and communication between users and developers in the process of system development, and shorts the development cycle.

OO method can be widely applied to the development of all kinds of information systems, but it also has obvious shortcomings. For example, it has to rely on certain OO technical support, and has certain limitations in the development of large projects, and cannot get involved in the development process prior to system analysis.

Prototyping method

Also known as rapid prototyping method, or simple prototyping method, according to the user’s initial needs, the use of system development tools, quickly establish a system model to show to the user, on this basis to communicate with the user, and finally achieve user demand information system rapid development method.

Structural method and object-oriented method have a common point, in the early stage of system development must be clear functional requirements of the system, determine the system boundary

Features:

  • Prototype method can shorten the cycle of system development, reduce the cost and risk, and speed up the comprehensive development benefit.

  • The prototype method is based on the user to develop the system, the degree of user participation is greatly improved, the development of the system meets the needs of users, thus increasing user satisfaction, improve the success rate of system development.

  • Because the user participates in the whole process of system development, it is easy to understand and accept the function and structure of the system, which is conducive to the transfer of the system and the operation and maintenance of the system.

However, as a development method, prototype method is not omnipotent, it also has shortcomings, mainly reflected in the following two aspects.

Inadequate:

  • The development environment is demanding, for example, the quality of developers and users, system development tools, soft hardware equipment

  • High management level requirements

A service-oriented approach

OO applications are built on top of classes and objects, and modeling techniques have evolved to group related objects according to their business capabilities, resulting in the concept of components. For cross-component function calls, they are exposed in the form of interfaces. Further coupling of the definition and implementation of interfaces leads to services and service-oriented (SO) development approaches.