Start the Linux Kernel on QEMU
An overview
The ultimate goal is to run Linux on RTL, but before doing this, it is very important to clear the system tool chain first, so first mirror the relevant tool chain on QEMU.
To complete this task, we need to install several tools, QEMU for RISCV, Linux Kernel, Boot Loader, and Toolbox
| level | endcoding | Name | Abbreviation |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 00 | User/Application | U |
| 1 | 01 | Supervisor | S |
| 2 | 10 | Reserved | |
| 3 | 11 | Machine | M |
As shown in the figure above, RISCV contains three privilege levels, with the OS running at the Superviosr level, the Bootloader and other firmware running at the Machine level, and User programs running at the User level.
Working directory
First we set up a working directory
mkdir riscv-linux
cd riscv-linux
Install QEMU for RISCV
We have the option to install only version 64 in the same directory as RISCV Toolschian
Git clone https://github.com/qemu/qemu CD qemu git checkout v5.0.0. / configure -- target - the list = riscv64 - softmmu --prefix=${RISCV} make make installCompile and generate the Linux kernel
Go back to your working directory riscv-linux
Git clone https://github.com/torvalds/linux CD Linux git checkout v5.4 make ARCH = riscv CROSS_COMPILE=riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu- defconfig make ARCH=riscv CROSS_COMPILE=riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-The generated kernel image is in arch/riscv/boot/ image
SBI
SBI is the abbreviation of RISC-V Supervisor Binary Interface, which is an intermediate Interface:
- Interface between Firmware and Bootloader, OS
- An interface between the Hypervisor and the bootloader or OS running in VS-Mode
cd opensbi make PLATFORM=generic CROSS_COMPILE=riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu- PLATFORM_RISCV_XLEN=64 FW_PAYLOAD_PATH=.. /linux/arch/riscv/boot/ImageGenerated by the bin file in. / build/platform/generic/firmware/fw_jump bin
Generate BusyBox and make the file system
git clone https://git.busybox.net/busybox cd busybox CROSS_COMPILE=riscv{{bits}}-unknown-linux-gnu- make menuconfig # Open the configuration menu and go to "Settings" in the first line. In the "Build Options" section, select "Build static binary (no shared libs) ". Cross_compile =riscv{{bits}}-unknown -linux-gnu-make make install # BusyBoxSource - - Install - - compile =riscv{{bits}}-unknown -linux-gnu-make make install # You can see what's generatedNow we’re going to make a minimal file system
qemu-img create rootfs.img 1g mkfs.ext4 rootfs.img mkdir rootfs sudo mount -o loop rootfs.img rootfs cd rootfs sudo cp -r .. /busyboxsource/_install/* . sudo mkdir proc sys dev etc etc/init.d cd etc/init.d/ sudo touch rcS sudo vi rcSThe compilation is as follows:
#! /bin/sh mount -t proc none /proc mount -t sysfs none /sys /sbin/mdev -sThen change the file permissions
sudo mod +x rcS
sudo umount rootfs
The file system is now complete
Start the
Go back to the riscv-linux directory and execute the following command to print the relevant boot information immediately
qemu-system-riscv64 -M virt -m 256M -nographic -bios opensbi/build/platform/generic/firmware/fw_jump.bin -kernel ./linux/arch/riscv/boot/Image -drive file=./rootfs.img,format=raw,id=hd0 -device virtio-blk-device,drive=hd0 -append "root=/dev/vda rw console=ttyS0"
Here is the printed message, pausing by typing Enter to proceed to the familiar shell command line.
# harriszh @ pc-harriszh2 in /trunk/branch/riscv [20:44:07]
$ qemu-system-riscv64 -M virt -m 256M -nographic -bios opensbi/build/platform/generic/firmware/fw_jump.bin -kernel ./linux/arch/riscv/boot/Image -drive file=./rootfs.img,format=raw,id=hd0 -device virtio-blk-device,drive=hd0 -append "root=/dev/vda rw console=ttyS0"
OpenSBI v0.8-58-g781cafd
____ _____ ____ _____
/ __ / ____| _ _ _|
| | | |_ __ ___ _ __ | (___ | |_) || |
| | | | '_ / _ '_ ___ | _ < | |
| |__| | |_) | __/ | | |____) | |_) || |_
____/| .__/ ___|_| |_|_____/|____/_____|
| |
|_|
Platform Name : riscv-virtio,qemu
Platform Features : timer,mfdeleg
Platform HART Count : 1
Firmware Base : 0x80000000
Firmware Size : 108 KB
Runtime SBI Version : 0.2
Domain0 Name : root
Domain0 Boot HART : 0
Domain0 HARTs : 0*
Domain0 Region00 : 0x0000000080000000-0x000000008001ffff ()
Domain0 Region01 : 0x0000000000000000-0xffffffffffffffff (R,W,X)
Domain0 Next Address : 0x0000000080200000
Domain0 Next Arg1 : 0x0000000082200000
Domain0 Next Mode : S-mode
Domain0 SysReset : yes
Boot HART ID : 0
Boot HART Domain : root
Boot HART ISA : rv64imafdcsu
Boot HART Features : scounteren,mcounteren,time
Boot HART PMP Count : 16
Boot HART PMP Granularity : 4
Boot HART PMP Address Bits: 54
Boot HART MHPM Count : 0
Boot HART MHPM Count : 0
Boot HART MIDELEG : 0x0000000000000222
Boot HART MEDELEG : 0x000000000000b109
[ 0.000000] OF: fdt: Ignoring memory range 0x80000000 - 0x80200000
[ 0.000000] Linux version 5.4.0 (harriszh@pc-harriszh2) (gcc version 10.2.0 (GCC)) #1 SMP Sat Nov 28 13:48:10 CST 2020
[ 0.000000] initrd not found or empty - disabling initrd
[ 0.000000] Zone ranges:
[ 0.000000] DMA32 [mem 0x0000000080200000-0x000000008fffffff]
[ 0.000000] Normal empty
[ 0.000000] Movable zone start for each node
[ 0.000000] Early memory node ranges
[ 0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x0000000080200000-0x000000008fffffff]
[ 0.000000] Initmem setup node 0 [mem 0x0000000080200000-0x000000008fffffff]
[ 0.000000] software IO TLB: mapped [mem 0x8bc7a000-0x8fc7a000] (64MB)
[ 0.000000] elf_hwcap is 0x112d
[ 0.000000] percpu: Embedded 17 pages/cpu s30680 r8192 d30760 u69632
[ 0.000000] Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 64135
[ 0.000000] Kernel command line: root=/dev/vda rw console=ttyS0
[ 0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 6, 262144 bytes, linear)
[ 0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 16384 (order: 5, 131072 bytes, linear)
[ 0.000000] Sorting __ex_table...
[ 0.000000] mem auto-init: stack:off, heap alloc:off, heap free:off
[ 0.000000] Memory: 181052K/260096K available (6167K kernel code, 387K rwdata, 1962K rodata, 213K init, 305K bss, 79044K reserved, 0K cma-reserved)
[ 0.000000] SLUB: HWalign=64, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1
[ 0.000000] rcu: Hierarchical RCU implementation.
[ 0.000000] rcu: RCU restricting CPUs from NR_CPUS=8 to nr_cpu_ids=1.
[ 0.000000] rcu: RCU calculated value of scheduler-enlistment delay is 25 jiffies.
[ 0.000000] rcu: Adjusting geometry for rcu_fanout_leaf=16, nr_cpu_ids=1
[ 0.000000] NR_IRQS: 0, nr_irqs: 0, preallocated irqs: 0
[ 0.000000] plic: mapped 53 interrupts with 1 handlers for 2 contexts.
[ 0.000000] riscv_timer_init_dt: Registering clocksource cpuid [0] hartid [0]
[ 0.000000] clocksource: riscv_clocksource: mask: 0xffffffffffffffff max_cycles: 0x24e6a1710, max_idle_ns: 440795202120 ns
[ 0.000084] sched_clock: 64 bits at 10MHz, resolution 100ns, wraps every 4398046511100ns
[ 0.003039] Console: colour dummy device 80x25
[ 0.004051] Calibrating delay loop (skipped), value calculated using timer frequency.. 20.00 BogoMIPS (lpj=40000)
[ 0.004169] pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
[ 0.005060] Mount-cache hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
[ 0.005089] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
[ 0.027241] rcu: Hierarchical SRCU implementation.
[ 0.028802] smp: Bringing up secondary CPUs ...
[ 0.028883] smp: Brought up 1 node, 1 CPU
[ 0.036075] devtmpfs: initialized
[ 0.040712] random: get_random_u32 called from bucket_table_alloc.isra.0+0x4e/0x154 with crng_init=0
[ 0.042384] clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 7645041785100000 ns
[ 0.042546] futex hash table entries: 256 (order: 2, 16384 bytes, linear)
[ 0.045024] NET: Registered protocol family 16
[ 0.078034] vgaarb: loaded
[ 0.078849] SCSI subsystem initialized
[ 0.080125] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
[ 0.080352] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
[ 0.080466] usbcore: registered new device driver usb
[ 0.086693] clocksource: Switched to clocksource riscv_clocksource
[ 0.098120] NET: Registered protocol family 2
[ 0.101335] tcp_listen_portaddr_hash hash table entries: 256 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
[ 0.101409] TCP established hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes, linear)
[ 0.101553] TCP bind hash table entries: 2048 (order: 3, 32768 bytes, linear)
[ 0.101679] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 2048 bind 2048)
[ 0.102935] UDP hash table entries: 256 (order: 1, 8192 bytes, linear)
[ 0.103101] UDP-Lite hash table entries: 256 (order: 1, 8192 bytes, linear)
[ 0.104159] NET: Registered protocol family 1
[ 0.106058] RPC: Registered named UNIX socket transport module.
[ 0.106109] RPC: Registered udp transport module.
[ 0.106120] RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
[ 0.106130] RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module.
[ 0.106204] PCI: CLS 0 bytes, default 64
[ 0.111668] workingset: timestamp_bits=62 max_order=16 bucket_order=0
[ 0.120454] NFS: Registering the id_resolver key type
[ 0.121100] Key type id_resolver registered
[ 0.121132] Key type id_legacy registered
[ 0.121218] nfs4filelayout_init: NFSv4 File Layout Driver Registering...
[ 0.121748] 9p: Installing v9fs 9p2000 file system support
[ 0.122715] NET: Registered protocol family 38
[ 0.122915] Block layer SCSI generic (bsg) driver version 0.4 loaded (major 253)
[ 0.123007] io scheduler mq-deadline registered
[ 0.123065] io scheduler kyber registered
[ 0.124868] pci-host-generic 30000000.pci: host bridge /soc/pci@30000000 ranges:
[ 0.126286] pci-host-generic 30000000.pci: IO 0x03000000..0x0300ffff -> 0x00000000
[ 0.126630] pci-host-generic 30000000.pci: MEM 0x40000000..0x7fffffff -> 0x40000000
[ 0.128296] pci-host-generic 30000000.pci: ECAM at [mem 0x30000000-0x3fffffff] for [bus 00-ff]
[ 0.128985] pci-host-generic 30000000.pci: PCI host bridge to bus 0000:00
[ 0.129117] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [bus 00-ff]
[ 0.129205] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [io 0x0000-0xffff]
[ 0.129218] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [mem 0x40000000-0x7fffffff]
[ 0.129911] pci 0000:00:00.0: [1b36:0008] type 00 class 0x060000
[ 0.176526] Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 4 ports, IRQ sharing disabled
[ 0.181177] printk: console [ttyS0] disabled
[ 0.181916] 10000000.uart: ttyS0 at MMIO 0x10000000 (irq = 10, base_baud = 230400) is a 16550A
[ 0.194577] printk: console [ttyS0] enabled
[ 0.196238] [drm] radeon kernel modesetting enabled.
[ 0.208747] loop: module loaded
[ 0.218802] virtio_blk virtio0: [vda] 2097152 512-byte logical blocks (1.07 GB/1.00 GiB)
[ 0.237502] libphy: Fixed MDIO Bus: probed
[ 0.238225] e1000e: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Driver - 3.2.6-k
[ 0.238402] e1000e: Copyright(c) 1999 - 2015 Intel Corporation.
[ 0.238741] ehci_hcd: USB 2.0 'Enhanced' Host Controller (EHCI) Driver
[ 0.238903] ehci-pci: EHCI PCI platform driver
[ 0.239112] ehci-platform: EHCI generic platform driver
[ 0.239558] ohci_hcd: USB 1.1 'Open' Host Controller (OHCI) Driver
[ 0.239747] ohci-pci: OHCI PCI platform driver
[ 0.239967] ohci-platform: OHCI generic platform driver
[ 0.240461] usbcore: registered new interface driver uas
[ 0.240688] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage
[ 0.241550] mousedev: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
[ 0.242575] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid
[ 0.242704] usbhid: USB HID core driver
[ 0.244104] NET: Registered protocol family 10
[ 0.248951] Segment Routing with IPv6
[ 0.250166] sit: IPv6, IPv4 and MPLS over IPv4 tunneling driver
[ 0.253011] NET: Registered protocol family 17
[ 0.254283] 9pnet: Installing 9P2000 support
[ 0.254605] Key type dns_resolver registered
[ 0.289007] EXT4-fs (vda): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)
[ 0.289554] VFS: Mounted root (ext4 filesystem) on device 254:0.
[ 0.292116] devtmpfs: mounted
[ 0.309109] Freeing unused kernel memory: 212K
[ 0.309271] This architecture does not have kernel memory protection.
[ 0.309452] Run /sbin/init as init process
Please press Enter to activate this console.
/ # ls
bin etc lost+found sbin usr
dev linuxrc proc sys
To log out of the system, type POWEROFF
/ # poweroff / # umount: devtmpfs busy -remounted read-only [112.461233] ext4-fs (vda): re-mounted. Opts: (null) swapoff: can't open '/etc/fstab': No such file or directory The system is going down NOW! Sent SIGTERM to all processes Sent SIGKILL to all processes poweroff [114.487435] reboot: Power down